A small performance impact is normal, especially during a full-system scan. Most antivirus programs have settings you can adjust. First, schedule full scans for times you're not using the computer, such as overnight. Second, look for settings that balance performance and protection. However, you should never disable core features like real-time protection, as this leaves you vulnerable.

This sounds like adware, a type of malware that bombards you with advertisements. Sometimes a standard antivirus scan won't remove it. You may need to run a scan with a program specifically designed to find and remove adware and "Potentially Unwanted Programs" (PUPs). Also, check your browser extensions and remove any that you don't recognize or remember installing.

If you suspect an active infection, the first step is to disconnect the computer from the internet by unplugging the network cable or turning off Wi-Fi. This stops the virus from spreading or sending your data to a hacker. Next, restart your computer in Safe Mode (this varies by OS) and run a full scan with your antivirus program. If this doesn't work, you may need to use a special "rescue disk" or seek help from a professional technician.

When you set up a computer, it creates an administrator account with full control. For everyday tasks like browsing the web and checking email, use a "Standard" user account instead. A standard account has limited privileges, which means if you accidentally download a virus, it will have a much harder time making changes to critical system files. You can still enter the administrator password when you need to install trusted software.

For your most important online accounts (email, banking, social media), turn on two-factor authentication. This adds a critical second layer of security. Even if a criminal steals your password, they won't be able to log in without also having access to your second factor, which is usually a code sent to your phone. It is one of the single most effective ways to secure your online life.

Public Wi-Fi networks, like those at coffee shops or airports, are not secure. Other people on the same network can potentially spy on your activity. Avoid logging into sensitive accounts like online banking on public Wi-Fi. If you must use it frequently, consider using a Virtual Private Network (VPN). A VPN encrypts your connection, making it unreadable to anyone trying to snoop.

Not necessarily. For most home users, the free antivirus software built into modern operating systems, like Windows Defender, provides excellent protection. Paid antivirus suites often include extra features like a VPN, password manager, or enhanced ransomware protection. These can be valuable, but the core anti-malware protection of reputable free options is very strong.

Yes. While it is true that Macs have historically been targeted less often than Windows PCs, they are not immune to malware. The same security principles apply: keep macOS and your applications updated, be cautious about what you download, and don't click on suspicious links. Mac users can and do get infected.

It's helpful to think of these terms like this: Malware (short for malicious software) is the overall category for any software designed to cause harm. A virus is a specific type of malware that works by attaching itself to a legitimate program and spreading when that program is run. Other types of malware include ransomware (which locks your files), spyware (which steals your information), and adware (which shows you unwanted ads).